The article by Spector et al$.$ discusses the history of the Civil Rights Act of $1964.$ On pages $133-34,$ the authors cite arguments made by Senator Hubert Humphrey: $$Humphrey recognized that a bill should address the fact that $$willful discrimination is often commingled with many impersonal institutional processes which nevertheless determine the availability of jobs for nonwhite workers.$($pp$.133-34).$ What does Senator Humphrey mean by $$impersonal institutional processes?$$

Disparate treatment by managers in large corporations in the Southern states.

Federal government laws and regulations.

Structural discrimination.

Discriminating employers and business owners