The average price of a gallon of gas in 2018 increased $0.30 (12.4 percent) from $2.42 in 2017 to $2.72 in 2018. Required:

1. 1. Conduct a horizontal analysis by calculating the year-over-year changes in each line item, expressed in dollars and in percentages for the income statement of Bronze, Incorporated for the year ended December 31, 2018 (amounts in billions).
2. 2-a. Conduct a vertical analysis by expressing each line as a percentage of total revenues.
3. 2-b. Excluding income tax and other operating costs, did Bronze earn more gross profit per dollar of revenue in 2018 compared to 2017?