The book value of equity at Coca-Cola in 1997 was $7,274 million. The book value of interest-bearing debt was $3,875 million. Estimate:

a. the return on equity (beginning of the year) in 1998.

b. the pre-tax return on capital (beginning of the year) in 1998.

c. the after-tax return on capital (beginning of the year) in 1998, using the effective tax rate in 1998.