The capital allocation process involves the transfer of capital among different entities that include individuals, small businesses, banks, financial intermediaries, companies, mutual funds, and other market participants. In a developed market economy, capital flows freely between entities that want to supply capital to those who want it$.$ This flow of capital can be classified in three ways. In the table below, identify the nature of capital transfer given in the scenario with its appropriate classification:

Scenario

Direct Transfers

Indirect Transfers through Investment Banks

Indirect Transfers through Financial Intermediaries

Entrepreneurs often start businesses by seeking financial help from family and friends.

Shylock, a moneylender in Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice, lends his own money to Antonio, who needs $3,000$ ducats to help his friend.

California Public Employees$$ Retirement System $($CalPERS$)$ manages pension and health benefits of California public employees and retirees. CalPERS collects money from its participants and creates a pool of assets. It manages these assets by making investments across domestic and international markets.

xEdu.com is an early$-$stage start$-$up company that plans to issue its first public common stock$$called an initial public offering $($IPO$)$in six months. It hires an investment bank to underwrite the issue.