The characteristics of the network described above, design a protocol for distributing this information across the network. You should specify the format of your messages and the size of any message fields Describe in detail both Prim's and Kruskal's algorithms for finding a minimum cost spanning tree of an undirected graph with edges labelled with positive costs, and explain why they are correct. [7 marks each] Compare the relative merits of the two algorithms. To illustrate how their modes of operation work, we can use instead a pseudo-random permutation that operates on the 26 letters of the English alphabet: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 m A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z EK(m) P K X C Y W R S E J U D G O Z A T N M V F H L I B Q As the XOR operation is not defined on the set {A, . . . , Z}, we replace it here during encryption with modulo-26 addition (e.g., C  D = F and Y  C = A). (a) Encrypt the plaintext "TRIPOS" using: (i) electronic codebook mode; [2 marks] (ii) cipher-block chaining. Notice both transcribed also, consequently created grammar analysers. Assuming the machine is otherwise idle, how can this elasped time be reduced? State any assumptions about hardware features you are making.Using a Karnaugh map, determine the simplified Boolean expression for the output S in terms of the inputs D3 to D0 in a minimum sum-of-products form. Use structured references to the [#Headers] and [#Data] in the Clients table to specify the formula database. Use a structured reference to the Payment field header to specify the field to summarize. User mike gives his folder project the following access-control list: project AllowAccess mike: full-access (oi,ci) AllowAccess alice: read-execute (ci,np) AllowAccess bob: read-only (oi) It contains one folder and two text files, none of which have any noninherited access-control entries: project\doc.txt project\src project\src\main.c For each of these three objects, list all inherited access-control entries, showing in parentheses the inheritance-control flag bits that are set (using the same notation as above). [5 marks] What are those values, and what then is the capacity of such a channel in bits? [3 marks] (vi) For what value of is the capacity of this channel minimal? What is the channel capacity in that case? [2 marks] 8 CST.2000.8.9 12 Computer Vision Explain the Bayesian approach to solving problems in computer vision. Explain the notion of an Inverse Problem and how computer vision can be regarded thereby in a formal sense as inverse graphics. A privileged process is given raw access to a slow disk device. It reads a page from the disk (using a blocking operation), processes the information and repeats. Suppose a read takes 3 units of time and the processing 12 units of time, so that reading a block and processing takes 115 units of elapsed time. Describe the purpose and four typical functions of a root kit. [6 marks] 9 (TURN OVER) CST.2014.4.10 9 Security I Block ciphers usually process 64 or 128-bit blocks at a time.