the concepts of independent-samples t tests and ANOVAs. In this discussion we will apply those concepts to the analysis of a case study. Read the "Animal Research" case study presented in Chapter 20 of the Online Statistics Education text.

Is there a gender difference with respect to the belief that animal research is necessary?"

• Hypotheses: List the statistical notation and written explanations for the null and alternative hypotheses for the study.
• Variables: Describe the independent and dependent variables, their levels, operational definitions, and characteristics (e.g., scale of measurement).
• Data Analysis: You are given the following information from the t test conducted: t (32) = 1.84, p = .0745; Male M = 5; Female M = 4. Summarize the specific type of statistical test conducted, the results obtained, and conclusions regarding the hypotheses (e.g, can we reject at the .05 or .01 level?). Be sure to include why this specific t test was selected.
• Critique: Critique the results of the study, paying specific attention to the appropriateness of the analyses conducted, any biases or assumptions that were made, practical significance of the results, and recommendations for improving upon the study (methods or analyses).