The corona virus pandemic has been, and will be, very costly to federal, state, and local governments as well as to businesses and to consumers. According to the Congressional Budget Office (2020):

CBO expects that the economy will contract sharply during the second quarter of 2020 as a result of the continued disruption of commerce stemming from the spread of the novel coronavirus. The following are CBO's very preliminary estimates, which are based on information about the economy that was available through this morning and which include the effects of an economic boost from recently enacted legislation.

• Gross domestic productis expected to decline by more than 7 percent during the second quarter. If that happened, the decline in theannualizedgrowth rate reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis would be about four times larger and would exceed 28 percent. Those declines could be much larger, however.
• The unemployment rateis expected to exceed 10 percent during the second quarter, in part reflecting the 3.3 million new unemployment insurance claims reported on March 26 and the 6.6 million new claims reported this morning. (The number of new claims was about 10 times larger this morning than it had been in any single week during the recession from 2007 to 2009.)
• Interest rateson 10-year Treasury notes are expected to be below 1 percent during the second quarter as a result of the Federal Reserve's actions and market conditions. (Swagel, 2020, para. 1)

How will the decline in GDP, the rise in unemployment, and low interest rates affect federal, state, and local governments?