The course name is Organizational Leadership and textbook I am taking now is: (This paper will be based on previous one that you already done 1 week for me and I already attached the paper at the end of this doc to review it in answering this part (part 2 ). For answering this paper, please you must to read carfully the instruction: The project idea or course project summary: You are a manager in a large company, and you are assigned to a mentor. Your mentor is very excited that you are taking this particular course and has therefore asked you to develop and share your own personal theory of leadership. This person wants you to be very detailed in this process and submit a report for review. part 1 For this part, you will use your theoretical review and critique from ( previous paper that I will attach it here to make sure that you quickly review it even you have prepared last time) to develop your personal theory of leadership. Again I included with this paper Part 1 which you have prepared and I wanted to make sure that you re read or review it the 3 the leadership theories that we selected last time. It was (Situational leadership, Great man's theory, Trait Leadership Theory). NOW for this part you must cover: NOW Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed in this paper: Section 1 Personal Theory: Introduction: Briefly summarizes theories analyzed in Part I, focusing on the key aspects that inform discussion of your personal leadership style and its application. Section 2 Personal Theory: Aspects of Theories: Identifies aspects of theories of leadership to incorporate into personal theory of leadership, Be sure including potential impact on transformational change. Section 3 Personal Theory: Theory and Practice Intersection Determines how personal theory and practice intersect, explaining how exemplary leaders inform personal theory of leadership. Section 4 Personal Theory: Essential and Flexible Aspects: Differentiates essential and flexible aspects of personal theory and potential impacts on internal and external stakeholders. Section 5 Personal Theory: Challenging and Comfortable Aspects: Differentiates challenging and comfortable aspects of personal theory, including intersections to those identified as essential and flexible. ,,,,,DONE,,,,, Note: 1- Please cover all above critical elements requirements above. And avoid any Plagiarism. 2- Answer all the sections above and please write the Section first and then answer it please. 3- 4to 5 pages are enough for this assignment. All APA citations should reference Reference): 4 scholarly resources or references (Including this Cutler, A. (2014). Leadership Psychology: How the BEST Leaders Inspire Their People. Now I attached the Last paper that You have prepared ( Part1) and you will need to re read it to answer this paper part (2). Transformational Leadership Introduction Leadership theories are placed or segmented according to the aspect believed to define the leader most. Effective leadership encompasses a lot of aspects; it includes the group or person being influenced as well as the task, job or function to be accomplished. In this discussion, I have selected situational leadership, great man leadership, and trait leadership theories. The three leaders that most embraced these theories include; renowned Navy Admiral Hyman George Rickover, Napoleon Bonaparte and Sir Winston Churchill. Admiral Rickover was my choice because his adoption of the situational theory in managing American Naval vessels. Napoleon is one the most popular leaders who changed the face of history because of his charisma and intelligence. Sir Winston Churchill's contribution to the global politics is known, several scientific research claim he might have possessed the leadership gene. Theory review Situational leadership The principles of this theory touch on leadership styles, maturity levels of the followers and development of people and self-motivation. Leadership styles are categorized into four behavior types: S1 telling which is associated with one-way communication where leader determines roles individuals is to play. S2 is guiding where the leader is providing direction but adopts a two-way communication to involve the staff. S3 participating where the leader provides fewer task behavior while encouraging shared decision making. S4: delegating where a leader passes responsibility to his followers (Thompson, & Vecchio, 2009). The correct leadership will be influenced by the followers and their maturity levels. Four levels of maturity under this concept include; M1, M2, M3 and M4. A good leader ensures those that look up to him are self-motivated. Self-motivation encourages high performance and commitment. The two leadership behavior types i.e. S3 and S4 are very impactful on empowerment (Hersey, & Blanchard, 1996). When followers are involved in the decision making, they feel that the organization needs them, encouraging commitment and improved productivity. A delegation of authority shows the trust leadership has on them hence they feel empowered and that their contribution is important (Thompson & Vecchio, 2009). Emotional intelligence is enhanced through delegation and participatory decision making. Power under this theory is created by the leadership flexibility concept. The very fact that leaders in this context are able to adjust their supervision to consider important factors such as the use of strategies e.g. delegation and evaluating types of followers at their disposal; influencing their followers in organization setting becomes very easy. Theories Review: Power and influence A principle of this theory such as participatory decision-making is very significant in influencing followers. These leaders tap into their knowledge power which enables them to train their followers in advance before delegating the responsibility. This knowledge power influences them as they feel they have been properly equipped to perform any task handed to them. Great man's theory The main principle of this theory focuses on the impact these individuals had on reshaping the history. The world's history is but the biographies of great men; their personal attributes and divine inspiration were enough to reshape the history (Northouse, 2015). Power under this theory is achieved by the persona/individual himself. The presence of these unique leaders in any setting is enough to influence their followers to do anything. For example, the sheer presence of Napoleon at the helm of French hierarchy was enough to motivate his followers to conquer the whole of Europe. Trait Leadership Theory This is based on the assumption that leadership is a trait that individuals are born with. Leadership traits are based on distal attributes e.g. personality, proximal attributes e.g. expertise or skill and leadership criteria e.g. leader effectiveness. Some of the leadership traits include; charisma, intelligence, honesty, creativity, openness, extraversion, interpersonal skills, management skills, general problem-solving skills and conscientiousness (DeRue & Myers, 2014). Power in this theory is achieved through use traits such as charisma, creativity, and interpersonal skills. Leaders in an organization with these traits are able to use this power to inspire, influence and motivate their followers. Theories Critiques A-analysis: Strength Strengths of situational approach include; it's a practical approach that can be applicable in many scenarios. Its prescriptive nature highlights how leaders should act to ensure success. It is also a well-known approach widely used for mentoring leaders and finally, it focuses on leadership flexibility by emphasizing the fact that there is no one best style of leadership. Leadership flexibility is very impactful as it leads to employee empowerment which is a very important aspect in motivation and productivity. The theories ability to designate and supervise specific groups according to their abilities enhances teamwork and productivity (Northouse, 2015). The strength of Great man theory is that it identifies the character and persona of leadership potential hence those very keen can mentor these individuals to their potential. The theories ability to identify charismatic leaders can very important in terms motivation as these individuals have the flamboyance and persona to influence groups and individuals in the organization. Strengths of the trait approach are as follows; it has a significant body of research data supporting it. It also focuses specifically on the leader exhausting this component in the leadership process. The theory provides benchmarks on what is needed to do when looking for leaders and it supports the general opinion that leaders are unique people in the society (Northouse, 2015). Individuals with important traits such as charisma have the ability to inspire individuals and groups into achieving set goals and targets. B- Analysis: weakness One criticism of the situational leadership approach is that its studies do not support the prescriptions it offers. According to some research, it is possible to match the S1 style of leadership with immature subordinates, a recommendation that the concept doesn't approve (Thompson & Vecchio, 2009). Despite studies showing that S1 type leadership is inappropriate with immature subordinates, the practical application shows that use of one-way communication and leaders determining the role of followers are one of the most efficient methods and have a great impact on positive behavioral reinforcement of immature individuals and groups. The great men were products of their social environment and that attributing important historical events to individual's decisions was very unscientific. The impact leveling historical events on individual's decisions is decision as opposed to social environment negatively affects individuals as they are unable to tap into their drive or motivating factor. Criticism of the trait theory is that it is a one-way perspective which focuses on how their followers view leaders. This approach is also considered to be too simplistic. Another study found that a leader's behaviors are more predictive of their effectiveness as opposed to their trait. Job performance has a high explanatory and predictive power over personality. Another criticism is the failure of the approach to uncover consistent trait that can be attributed to leadership (Northouse, 2015). When a theory focuses on how leaders are viewed by their followers, it has a negative impact on both individuals and groups since there are no employee empowerments hence less commitment and motivation. This leads to decreased productivity and poor retention record. Theory application A-analysis: Exemplary leadership Admiral Rickover style of leadership advocated for subordinates to be given authority and responsibility early in their careers. He also recommends the identification of leadership styles tailored for each subordinate and application of different techniques to arising situations based on the diverse nature of sailors in the naval vessel. His thoughts are incongruent with the situational theory which through delegation advocates for followers to be given authority/responsibility. This theory also states that right leadership style will depend on person or group under supervision. Napoleon Bonaparte was a charismatic and intelligent leader that leveraged his political skill to change the history. He was an influential leader that dominated Europe and global affairs for nearly a decade establishing a large empire that ruled the west. His leadership style is complementary to the Great man theory which identifies with strong leaders who were highly influential in the global scene through traits such as intelligence and wisdom (Chandler, Bonaparte, & Chandler, 2016). Sir Winston Churchill was better known for his leadership traits. He was very charismatic evidenced when he inspired resistance to the British through speeches during 1940-1941 when the country experienced difficulty. Also, he exhibited problem-solving skills shown during his fight against the Nazi and the Malayan emergency. He also possessed intelligence and management skills evidenced in 1925 when he returned the Pound sterling to its gold standards enhancing the economy. Trait theory attributes for all these traits I have identified above (Churchill, 2015). B-Analysis: Anti-exemplary leadership Despite his many leadership traits, Sir Winston Churchill did not possess some such as agreeableness and neuroticism. Traits theory states that the two are important in a great leader hence the collision in perspective (Churchill, 2015). Certain types of Admiral Rickover's style of leadership clashed with situational theory concepts for example; he required subordinates to be handed great responsibility early in their careers. Situational theory advocated for gradual progression in regarding responsibility being handed and did not prescribe great responsibility being handed to employees that early. Sir Napoleon Bonaparte was born in the family that was known to have leaders e.g. his father; it is, therefore, appropriate to conclude that his leadership skills were groomed because of his social environment (Chandler, Bonaparte, & Chandler, 2016). This contradicts with great man's theory perspective. C-Analysis: Theories application The situational theory has been the most widely adopted in organizations across the globe. According to research, over 70% of the Fortune 500 firms have actively incorporated participatory decision making in regard to subordinate staff and delegation of authority. All organizations are being sensitized on the importance of developing and self-motivating of its employees to encourage loyalty, commitment, and retention. Aspects of trait theory have been incorporated into the fabric of most organizations by demanding certain behavior among its staff. Organizations are developing a code of ethics that require stakeholders embrace leadership traits such as openness, honesty, and integrity. The situational approach has been adopted by the leadership of renowned companies such as Wal-Mart (Weinberger, 2009). Great man's theory is clearly shown in the global environment by personalities such as Steve Jobs and Bill Gates whose intelligence and wisdom have had a significant impact on the history technology wise. The traits theory practical application hasn't been well documented, but the leadership of organizations such as Toyota and Apple has shown traits such as management skills, problemsolving skills and most importantly creativity (Liker & Convis, 2011). Conclusion Based on the above discussions, it is clear that situational leadership theory is the most feasible and one which a serious organization yearning for transformational leadership can adopt. It also has very few weaknesses compared to Great man and traits theories. Although studies may have boosted the other two theories, their actual applicability in the organization structure is challenging. The situational leadership model reveals that there is no single best way or style of leadership. Moreover, effective leadership is task relevant and successful leaders adapt their leadership style to performance, willingness and ability of the groups or individuals they oversee. Great man's theory emphasizes on the influence certain personalities can have on organizations. Their persona and charisma is normally their base of power, a tool they leverage to inspire and influence their followers. Traits theory offers several characteristics that can alter organizational decisions; for example creativity, management skills and conflict resolution skills can be the foundational base of power which leaders can use to influence important stakeholders. References: Chandler, D., Bonaparte, N., & Chandler, D. G. (2016). The Military Maxims of Napoleon. W. E. Cairnes (Ed.). Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. Churchill, W. S. (2015). A History of the English-Speaking Peoples Volume I: The Birth of Britain (Vol. 1). Bloomsbury Publishing. DeRue, D. S., & Myers, C. G. (2014). Leadership development: A review and agenda for future research. Oxford handbook of leadership and organizations, 832-855. Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H. (1996). Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources. New Jersey, Prentice Hall. Liker, J., & Convis, G. L. (2011). The Toyota way to lean leadership: Achieving and sustaining excellence through leadership development. McGraw Hill Professional. Northouse, P. G. (2015). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Thompson, G., & Vecchio, R. P. (2009). Situational leadership theory: A test of three versions. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(5), 837-848. Weinberger, L. A. (2009). Emotional intelligence, leadership style, and perceived leadership effectiveness. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 11(6), 747-772. Note: Please read the highlighted in green color only and these sentences will need to re write it or modify it. Introduction There exist many different factors that determine the effectiveness of a leader. The features include the task to be accomplished, professional field, the level of management, and the subordinates' members to be influenced by the head. Therefore each defines leadership theory by personal belief over the aspects that best suits an active leader. In this discussion, I have formulated a personal leadership theory about situational leadership, trait leadership, and great man leadership. The situational theory outlines leadership styles, maturity levels of the followers as well as people's development and self-motivation (Thompson, 2009).( This sentence is already exist in previous job please re write it). Though the argument underlines four different styles, my theory combines the three of the styles to form one style at all management levels. According to Great man's theory, power is achieved by the person as an individual; their presence is enough to create a positive impact on the followers (Chandler, 2016). This sentence is already exist in previous job please re write it). Even though there are many great men and women whose divine inspiration and personal attributes were enough to reshape the history, the principles adopted by Sir Winston Churchill, Navy Admiral Hyman George Rickover, and Napoleon Bonaparte form part of my personal theory. Finally, trait leadership theory holds an assumption that leadership is a feature that persons have. This sentence is already exist in previous job please re write it). It also defines attributes and traits for effective leadership. My personal theory does not work on the assumption provided in theory, rather focuses on the qualities and characteristics of good leadership. Aspects of Theories Based on the three theories; trait leadership, a great man, and situational theory, the significant aspects of my personal theory include a leadership style that encourages delegation of duties and responsibilities and involves followers in the process of decision making. This is in agreement with the principle of situational theory which provides styles of leadership, S1 telling, S2 guiding, S3 participating, and S4 delegating (Northouse, 2015). My personal theory combines S2, S3, and S4 to form a style where the leader provides direction, adopts a two-way communication, fewer tasks, and passes responsibilities to his followers to encourage shared decision making (Thompson, 2009). The second aspects are being a charismatic leader who can influence the members. This sentence is already exist in previous job please re write it). The elements arise from the Great man's theories which demand that for a leader to be successful in a difficult situation, he or she should be able to come with new and different ways of controlling the followers to ensure success. With my personal theory, my subordinates will not be bound or restricted to some set of laws or principles; instead, they will be allowed to explore alternatives to the current challenges because the chosen three great men employed different strategies depending on the situation to claim victory (Chandler, 2016). Personal attributes and traits of an effective leader are the last aspects of my theory. The character derive from the trait theory approach which points out personal attributes like expertise and leaderships traits like openness, honesty, intelligence, creativity, charisma, interpersonal skills, extraversion, and conscientiousness as critical factors for effective leadership (DeRue, 2014). As a leader, one has to learn and adopt some of the features to improve the managerial skills. Theory and Practice Intersection In practice, we face the different situation. The solution to the problem varies from one person to the other depending on the individual's point of view and approach. Therefore my theory intersects with reality such that, in the case of anything; each and every follower will have an equal opportunity to share their personal views on what to undertake and after that the best solution initiated or rather the best alternatives combined to provide a single solution that is more viable and applicable. Additionally, as human beings we have weaknesses. Delegating some of the duties and responsibilities to be performed by the followers who have specialized in those areas have excellent outcomes to the group. A leader does not have to make all the decisions (Northouse, 2015). Admiral Rickover style of leadership is a good example. N his style, followers should be given authority and responsibilities earlier enough in their careers. ( this sentence confused ( N his ) what does mean . Secondly, as individuals, we bear different attributes and characteristics. However, in daily operations, it comes a time when specific features and characteristics needed for effectiveness. My personal theory enhances this aspect by identifying key traits and personal attributes for effective leadership. Followers, we do not have the traits have to learn and acquire the skills. An exemplary leadership is that of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was not only a charismatic but an intelligent leader too, who leveraged his political skills to change the world. With his leadership attributes and traits, Napoleon was able to dominate Europe and the entire globe affairs for nearly a decade by establishing a vast empire which ruled west (Chandler, 2016). Essential and Flexible Aspects My personal theory provides both vital and flexible aspects; Personal attributes and rains are the fundamental issues in theory. Personal attributes include but not limited to honesty, good communication skills, confidence, commitment, creativity, positive attitude, intuition, distinctive approach considering diverse culture, and ability to inspire (DeRue, 2014). Personal traits include keen perception, responsive to the group's needs, and self-assessment. Another essential is to adhere to the unity of command and direction. Though the followers are free to provide their personal views, a transparent procedure must be followed to avoid confusion and misrepresentation (Cutler, 2014). A delegation of duties and responsibilities and the process of decision making are the flexible aspects of the theory. With delegation, obligations are directed to the followers with excellent skills required to complete the task. They are not fixed who or which staff member is responsible for the certain type of work. Though some theories advocate for either top-up or bottom down approaches while making a decision, my theory is not fixed to any. The procedures can b altered any time to include all staffs members as well as put all their views into consideration. (This sentence already exists in previous job please re write it). Sticking to a single way of making decisions might lock out some subordinates or their opinions (Hersey, 1996). Challenging and Comfortable Aspects The size of the group or the organization is a challenging factor for the theory because it is limited to a small group of people. It is both tedious and time-consuming when collecting the views of each member in a large organization before making decisions. Besides, that taking into consideration and including all colleagues in the process is a big challenge (Hersey, 1996). Some followers must work pressure or close supervision, therefore giving them freedom of choice will produce negative results to the entire group. Allowing each and every staff member to take part in the process of decision making is the comfortable aspects of the theory. Complaints do not arise upon reaching a certain decision because they are taken care of at the time when the decisions are being made (Cutler, 2014). As a result, employees feel motivated and valued steering the organization to higher levels towards its goals and objectives. Please add 3 lines of conclusion to close the paper References: Chandler, D., Bonaparte, N., & Chandler, D. G. (2016). The Military Maxims of Napoleon. W. E. Cairnes (Ed.). Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. Cutler, A. (2014). Leadership Psychology : How the Best Leaders Inspire Their People (1st Ed.). Kogan Page. DeRue, D. S., & Myers, C. G. (2014). Leadership development: A review and agenda for future research. Oxford handbook of leadership and organizations, 832-855. Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H. (1996). Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources. New Jersey, Prentice Hall. Northouse, P. G. (2015). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Thompson, G., & Vecchio, R. P. (2009). Situational leadership theory: A test of three versions. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(5), 837-848