The courts have held that statistics by themselves are not conclusive evidence of discrimination (see web link for Wards Cove Packing Antonio). Complementary data must also include:

Select one:

a. evidence of pay differentials and job functions that favor white employees.

b. evidence of the company's statistics wAtchin the context of industry statistics.

c. evidence of widespread attitudes and institutional practices and policies that facilitate discrimination

d. sworn testimony from coworkers who have witnessed discrimination.

Informing the public about illegal or immoral behavior of an employer or an organization is:

Select one:

• a. prima facie disloyal.
• b. whistleblowing.
• c. immature.
• d. unethical.

Although some writers believe that a fair wage is determined by what is acceptable to an employee, in an ethical organization, the central question with regard to remuneration should be:

Select one:

a. distributive justice--based on the employee's value to the business.

b. based on the doctrine of comparable worth.

c. the industry standard.

d. personal circumstances of the employee.

In weighing the choices available to them with regard to protecting their jobs against their organizations' interests, employees must:

Select ones

• a look to the law for guidance.
• b. always put the best interest of the employer ahead of prudential concerns.
• c always weigh prudential concerns against moral concerns.
• d. do what is in their best (self) interest.

Many economists and students of the union movement give unions primary credit for:

Select one:

• a. minimizing the damage to the American economy from outsourcing.
• b. increasing the standard of living and security of working people in the U.S.
• increasing the acceptability of unions among employers.
• improving management and labor relations.

To discriminate in employment means to make an adverse decision regarding an employee or job applicant based on his/her membership in a certain group that results in:

Select one:

• a. pay differentials in hiring.
• b. harm or puts the employee or candidate at a disadvantage.
• the company hiring someone less qualified.
• the prospective employee finding a job that is less satistying.

Discrimination violates people's basic moral rights and mocks the ideal of:

Select one:

a. human moral equality.

b. peace, love, and community.

c. building a pluralistic society.

d. the Constitution of the United States.

Management can protect itself from external whistleblowing on the part of its employees by:

Select one:

• a. creating an organizational structure and culture that would be more accommodating to employees' concerns.
• b. ensuring that all employees sign a code of ethics and watch videos on whistleblowing.
• c. ensuring that employees understand the penalties for disclosing information outside company channels.
• d. following the letter of the law at all times.

The Taft-Hartley Act which amended the National Labor Relations Act allowed for the creation of twenty-two right-to-work states. They are called that because:

Select one:

• a. they prohibit union contracts requiring all employees to pay union dues.
• b. they allow unions to collect dues from everyone employed in a union shop.
• they limit benefits to union members only.
• they allow union members greater say in determining working conditions.

Testing is an integral part of the hiring process especially with large firms. If tests are used companies using them are obliged to ensure that they are:

Select one:

• a. valid and reliable.
• b. brief and simple.
• c. administered after the employee has been hired.
• d. standardized within the industry.

A contract restricting an employee's ability to work with a competitor or start a competing company is called:

Select one:

a. a noncompete or nondisclosure contract.

b. a restrictive covenant.

c. an employment modifier.

d. a contract in restraint of trade.

Employees caught between competing ethical concerns should:

Select one:

• automatically select the one that appears to be least harmful to the individual.
• automatically select the one that appears to be least harmful to the company.
• toss a coin.
• weigh the specific obligations, ideals, and effects of each option and then try to decide what s/he would be willing to defend publicly.

In order to create an atmosphere of fairness in which rules and standards are applied equally, the principles of

must be operative.

Select one:

a. objectivity and impartiality

b. just cause and due process

c. law and the company's code of ethics

d. evenhandedness and strict compliance

The use of one's official position for personal gain raises moral concerns because of the likelihood that:

Select one:

• a. no one will ever find out.
• b. the employee will be forced to return ill-gotten gains.
• c. the firm can lose money because of the employee's actions.
• d. one is violating one's obligations to tile firm or organization.

Organizational theorists and business writers have increasingly emphasized

as the key to a firm's success.

Select one

a. corporate culture

b. ethics programs

c. effective discipline

d. corporate communication