The dentists in a dental clinic would like to determine if there is a difference between the number of new cavities in people who eat an apple a day and people who eat less than one apple a week. They are going to conduct a study with 50 people in each group. Fifty clinic patients who report that they routinely can eat an apple a day and 50 clinic patients who report that they eat less than one apple a week will be identified. The dentists will examine the patients and their records to determine the number of new cavities the patients have had over the past two years. then they will compare the number of cavities in two groups.

A) If the mean number of new cavities for those who ate an apple a day was statistically smaller than the mean of cavities for those who ate less than one apple a week, could one conclude that the lower number of new cavities be attributed to eating an apple a day? Explain.