The figure below at the left shows a drinking glass and a burning birthday candle stuck in a small piece of clay standing in a pan of water. When the glass is turned upside down, put over the candle, and placed in the water, the candle quickly goes out and water rushes up into the glass (as shown at the right). This observation raises an interesting question: Why does the water rush up into the glass? Here is a possible explanation. The flame converts oxygen into carbon dioxide. Because oxygen does not dissolve rapidly into water but carbon dioxide does, the newly formed carbon dioxide dissolves rapidly into the water, lowering the air pressure inside the glass. Suppose you have the materials mentioned above plus some matches and some dry ice (dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide). Using some or all of the materials, how could you test this possible explanation? a. Saturate the water with carbon dioxide and redo the experiment noting the amount of water rise. b. The water rises because oxygen is consumed, so redo the experiment in exactly the same way to show water rise due to oxygen loss. c. Conduct a controlled experiment varying only the number of candles to see if that makes a difference. d. Suction is responsible for the water rise, so put a balloon over the top of an open-ended cylinder and place the cylinder over the burning candle. e. Redo the experiment, but make sure it is controlled by holding all independent variables constant; then measure the amount of water rise