The Figure below (Figure 3) shows a pipe system carrying water at Q = 1 L/s. Details of the pipe system are provided between a pressurised location (1) and the end of a nozzle at location (2) where the water discharges into the atmosphere. At three sections the pipe has bends with a local loss coefficient of k_Bend = 0.4 for each bend. The pipe has a valve with a loss coefficient KL_valve = 0.5. The roughness of the pipe is ks = 0.25 mm. The pipe has a diameter D = 5 cm and the total pipe length between (1) and (2) is L = 60 m. The nozzle has a local loss coefficient k_Nozzle = 1 and the nozzle exit diameter is 2 cm. The difference in elevation between (1) and (2) is Ah = 5 m. Further details are provided in Figure 3. Not to scale (1) Q=1 L/s Figure 3 Pipe system. Pipe: k, = 0.25 mm Diameter = 5 cm Length = 60 m Valve: KL_Valve = 0.5 (2) Nozzle exit diameter = 1 cm KL_Nozzle = 1 Complete the following: a) In a first approximation, calculate the pressure at location (1) neglecting all losses in the system. [6 marks] b) In a more detailed assessment, calculate the pressure at location (1) including all losses in the system. [9 marks] c) In your exam booklet (with the white pages), sketch the hydraulic grade line (HGL) and total head line (THL) along the pipe system with losses between (1) and (2) [6 marks] d) Assuming an increase in pressure at position (1) to 100kPa and using the same pipe characteristics and losses as before, what is the maximum height Ah, a constant flow rate of Q = 1 L/s can achieve without the addition of a pump? [4 marks]