The financial staff of Cairn Communications has identified the following information for the first year of the roll-out of its new proposed service:

Projected sales	$	22 million
Operating costs (not including depreciation)	$	10 million
Depreciation	$	5 million
Interest expense	$	3 million

The company faces a 25% tax rate. What is the project's cash flow for the first year (t = 1)? Enter your answer in dollars. For example, an answer of $1.2 million should be entered as $1,200,000. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.