The following information relates to the $2023$ debt and equity investment transactions of Wildcat Ltd$.,$ a publicly accountable Canadian corporation. All of the investments were acquired for trading purposes and accounted for using the FV$-$NI model, with all transaction costs being expensed. No investments were held at December $31,2022,$ and the company prepares financial statements only annually, each December $31,$ following IFRS.

$$On February $1,$ the company purchased Williams Corp. $12\%$ bonds, at par value for $$500,000,$ plus acerued interest. Interest is payable April $1$ and October $1.$

$$On April $1,$ semi$-$annual interest was received on the Williams bonds.

$$On July $1,9\%$ bonds of Saint Inc. were purchased. These bonds, with a par value of $$200,000,$ were purchased at par plus accrued interest. Interest dates are June $1$ and December $1.$

$$On August $12,3,000$ shares of Scotia Corp. were acquired at a cost of $$59$ per share. A $1\%$ commission was paid.

$$On September $1,$ Williams bonds with a par value of $$100,000$ were sold at $104$ plus accrued interest.

$$On September $28,$ a dividend of $$0\mathrm{.}50$ per share was received on the Scotia shares.

$$On October $1,$ semi$-$annual interest was received on the remaining Williams bonds.

$$On December $1,$ semi$-$annual interest was received on the Saint bonds.

$$On December $28,$ a dividend of $$0\mathrm{.}52$ per share was received on the Scotia shares.

$$On December $31,$ the following fair values were determined: Williams bonds $101\mathrm{.}75$; Saint bonds $97$; and Scotia shares $$60\mathrm{.}50.$ a$)$ Prepare all $2023$ journal entries necessary to properly account for the investment in the Williams bonds.

$$b $)$Prepare all $2023$ journal entries necessary to properly account for the investment in the Saint bonds.

c$)$Prepare all $2023$ journal entries necessary to properly account for the investment in the Scotia shares.

$$d$)$Assume that there were trading investments on hand at December $31,2022,$ accounted for using the FV$-$NI model, and that they consisted of shares with a cost of $$400,000$ and a fair value of $$390,000.$ These non$-$dividend$-$paying shares were sold early in $2023$ and their original cost was recovered exactly. What effect would this transaction have on $2023$ net income?