The following selected data were taken from the financial statements of Robinson Inc. for December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

		December 31
		2016		2015		2014
Total assets		$4,800,000		$4,400,000		$4,000,000
Notes payable (8% interest)		2,250,000		2,250,000		2,250,000
Common stock		250,000		250,000		250,000
Preferred 4% stock, $100 par
	(no change during year)	500,000		500,000		500,000
Retained earnings		1,574,000		1,222,000		750,000

The 2016 net income was $372,000, and the 2015 net income was $492,000. No dividends on common stock were declared between 2014 and 2016.

a. Determine the rate earned on total assets, the rate earned on stockholders' equity, and the rate earned on common stockholders' equity for the years 2015 and 2016. Round to one decimal place.

	2016	2015
Rate earned on total assets	%	%
Rate earned on stockholders' equity	%	%
Rate earned on common stockholders' equity	%	%

b. The profitability ratios indicate that Robinson Inc.'s profitability has . Because the rate of return on common stockholders' equity the rate earned on total assets in both years, there is leverage from the use of debt.