The following table of results were gathered from a survey where 3 toothpaste brands were tested. (For example when 60 people tried Brand X toothpaste for a year they got zero cavities.) Determine if there is a significant difference in the effectiveness of these toothpastes in preventing cavities. Select the appropriate conclusion.

Zero(0) One(1) Two or more (2+)

Brand X 60 30 20

Brand Y 48 41 31

Brand Z 45 20 35

Select one:

a. At the calculatedp-valueof 0.05 there is NOT a significant relationship between cavities and brands of toothpastes. Brand and cavitiesareindependent.

b. At a fixedalphaof 0.02 thereisa significant relationship between cavities and brands of toothpastes. Brand and cavities arenotindependent.

c. At a fixedalphaof 0.1 there is NOT a significant relationship between cavities and brands of toothpastes. Brand and cavitiesareindependent.

d. At the calculatedp-valueof 0.1 thereisa significant relationship between cavities and brands of toothpastes. Brand and cavities arenotindependent.