The following table shows the nominal returns on U.S. stocks and the rate of inflation.

Year Nominal Return (%) Inflation (%)

2010 13.1 2.6

2011 8.3 2.8

2012 14.3 3.3

2013 6.1 4.2

2014 43.3 .4

a.What was the standard deviation of the nominal market returns? (Do not make the adjustment for degrees of freedom described in footnote 18.)(Use decimals, not percent, in your calculations. Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)

Standard deviation%

b.Calculate the arithmetic average real return.(A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)

Average real return