The Indian subsidiary of a US$-$based MNC purchased three Caterpillars for its mining work. At the end of the financial year, the financial statements of the subsidiaries need to be translated into the currency of the parent corporation. When the Caterpillars were purchased, the exchange rate was $50$INR$=1$ USD. The present exchange rate is $60$INR$=1$USD. The financial statement of the Indian subsidiary is translated into the currency of the parent corporation at the exchange rate of $60$INR$=1$ USD. The above serves as an example of the $$ of foreign$-$currency translation.

Wiener process

current$-$rate method

Monte Carlo method

Markov process

temporal method