The Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997, and required countries to start reducing their carbon emissions. The protocol became enforceable in February 2005. In 2004, the mean carbon dioxide emission was 4.87 metric tons per capita. The table below contains the carbon dioxide emissions from a random sample of countries from a recent study. Is there enough evidence to show that the mean carbon dioxide emission is now lower than it was in 2004? Test at the 1% level.

carbon dioxide emissions in metric tons per capita

5.93

1.45

5.94

2.26

3.01

3.46

0.86

5.86

0.14

7.48

7.93

2.87

3.45

3.02

5.36

2.44

1.42

3.45

1.35

6.02

0.79

2.86

0.2

1.46

4.56

0.78

7.32

2.45

5.85

9.11

2.27

0.28

6.72

1.36

7.84

3.01

P: Parameter

What is the correct parameter symbol for this problem? ? X X s n N p p What is the wording of the parameter in the context of this problem? Select an answer The carbon dioxide emissions of a randomly selected country last year A randomly selected country last year All countries last year 36 randomly selected countries last year The mean carbon dioxide emissions of all countries last year The mean carbon dioxide emissions in 36 randomly selected countries last year H: Hypotheses

Fill in the correct null and alternative hypotheses:

H0:H0: ? X n p s X N p ? > < = metric tons per capita HA:HA: ? X X s N p p n ? < = > metric tons per capita

A: Assumptions

Since Select an answer quantitative qualitative information was collected from each object, what conditions do we need to check?

Check all that apply.

• np10np10
• is known
• is unknown
• N20nN20n
• n(1p)10n(1-p)10
• outliers in the data
• no outliers in the data
• n30n30 or normal population

Check those assumptions: 1. Is the value of known? ? no yes

2. Given the following modified boxplot (If using a screenreader, use technology to generate the modified boxplot and answer the question below.):

0.141.4353.015.8959.11[Graphs generated by this script: setBorder(15); initPicture(0,10,-3,6);axes(1,100,1,null,null,1,'off');text([4.485,-3],"carbon dioxide emissions in metric tons per capita");line([0.14,2],[0.14,4]); rect([1.435,2],[5.895,4]); line([3.01,2],[3.01,4]);line([9.11,2],[9.11,4]); line([0.14,3],[1.435,3]); line([5.895,3],[9.11,3]);fontsize*=.8;fontfill='blue';text([0.14,4],'0.14','above');text([1.435,4],'1.435','above');text([3.01,4],'3.01','above');text([5.895,4],'5.895','above');text([9.11,4],'9.11','above');fontfill='black';fontsize*=1.25;]

Are there any outliers? Select an answer No Yes (we should investigate these) Select an answer the modified boxplot shows outliers. the modified boxplot shows no outliers. the normal probability plot shows no outliers. the normal probability plot shows outliers. the histogram shows outliers. the histogram shows no outliers.

3. nn = which is ? < Is it reasonable to assume the population is normally distributed? Select an answer Not necessary to check since the sample size is at least 30. Not necessary to check since the sample size is less than 30. Yes since the normal probability plot is roughly linear with no outliers. Yes since the normal probability plot is roughly bell-shaped with no outliers. No, since the normal probability plot is not roughly linear. No, since the normal probability plot is not roughly bell-shaped. N: Name the test

The conditions are met to use a Select an answer T-Test 1-Proportion Z-Test . T: Test Statistic

The symbol and value of the random variable on this problem are as follows: ? n N p X s p X = metric tons per capita

The test statistic formula set up with numbers is as follows:

Round values to 4 decimal places. t=Xsn=t=X-sn= (((( - )) // // ))))

The final answer for the test statistic from technology is as follows:

Round to 2 decimal places.

t = O: Obtain the P-value

Report the final answer to 4 decimal places.

It is possible when rounded that a p-value is 0.0000

P-value = M: Make a decision

Since the p-value ? = > , we Select an answer reject H accept H reject H fail to reject H fail to reject H . S: State a conclustion

There Select an answer is is not significant evidence to conclude Select an answer the mean carbon dioxide emissions of all countries last year all countries last year the carbon dioxide emissions of a randomly selected country last year the mean carbon dioxide emissions in 36 randomly selected countries last year 36 randomly selected countries last year a randomly selected country last year Select an answer is more than is less than differs from is equal to metric tons per capita