The management of Serpas Corporation is considering the purchase of a machine that would cost $220,000, would last for 8 years, and would have no salvage value. The machine would reduce labor and other costs by $35,000 per year. The company requires a minimum pretax return of 9% on all investment projects. Click here to view Exhibit 8B-2 to determine the appropriate discount factor(s) using tables. The net present value of the proposed project is closest to