The name of the case upholding a clause in a contract of carriage that preserved an owner's general average rights despite crew negligence is called:

a$.$ The BLACKWALL

b$.$ The Pennsylvavia

c$.$ The Jason

d$.$ The Star of Hope.

Which of the following are reasons often given for the continuation of the application of the principles of general average?

a$.$ it gives the master of a vessel in crisis the freedom to deal with that crisis in a manner that will preserve life and property.

b$.$ it is fair because losses will be paid by the parties in the same proportion regardless of who owns the property is sacrificed.

c$.$ in the absence of a general average, a masters decision might be constrained by the financial interests of the vessel's owner.

d$.$ all of the above.

Which statement do you disagree with?

a$.$ general average can be denied if there is a sacrifice but the master was mistaken as to the existence of a peril.

b$.$ If there is a peril but the master is mistaken as to its degree and takes more drastic action than necessary, the general average will be denied.

c$.$ Rule V of the York Antwerp Rules extends general average to situations in which a ship is intentionally run ashore $($aground$)$ for the common safety. d$.$ The word "average" in shipping means expenses or loss to owners arising from damage at sea to the ship or cargo.

Which statement do you agree with?

a$.$ general average principles can be found in the ancient Rhodian Law as described in the ancient Digest of Justinian

b$.$ general average principles can be found in the ancient Rules of Oleron.

c$.$ The Rules of Oleron are named after the island of Oleron which lies off of the southwest coast of France.

d$.$ i agree with all of these statements.

Which statement about salvage law do you disagree with?

a$.$ seamen are generally not entitled to salvage if they save their own vessel.

b$.$ it remains an open question as to whether the US Coast Guard is entitled to salvage if it provides routine rescue efforts and saves a vessel.

c$.$ under U$.$S$.$ law a crew member is entitled to share in a salvage award earned by the vessel that the crew member is working on$.$

d$.$ I do not disagree with any of these statements. I agree with all of the above.