The Paris Agreement (COP21) has the goal of limiting global warming to 2C.Who disagrees with the appropriateness of the target?

Select one:

a.

industry

b.

low-lying island nations

c.

high-income countries

d.

climate scientists and environmental organisations

e.

a and c

f.

b and d

The greenhouse effect is caused by...

Select one:

a.

Greenhouse gases in the stratosphere reflecting solar radiation back to Earth

b.

Greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere absorbing radiation from the Earth's surface, and preventing much of it escaping into space

c.

A surplus of helium in the atmosphere

d.

Sun spots

Which of the following would you consider to be an external cost for fossil fuel-based electricity generators?

Select one:

a.

Purchase cost of fossil fuels

b.

CO2emissions

c.

Legally required investment in carbon capture technologies for storage of emissions

d.

Cost of lobbying against climate change legislation

In a climate policy context, what is a leakage?

Select one:

a.

Government uses laws and regulations that dictate the standards and/or technology used to reduce pollution.

b.

Manufacturing firms flee to countries with weak environmental laws.

c.

The government uses price or quantity mechanisms to internalize the externalities.

d.

Disputing parties work out a private agreement that is efficient for society.

A transferable pollution permit determines the _________limit of pollution a_________ is _________ to discharge into the __________.

Select one:

a.

maximum / firm / allowed / environment.

b.

maximum / government / planning / industry.

c.

minimum / firm / going / industry.

d.

minimum / industry / allowed / environment.

Whichoneof the following is not a 'renewable' energy source?

Select one:

a.

Solar

b.

Wave

c.

Coal

d.

Wind

What is the problem of prohibiting or outlawing pollution?

Select one:

a.

The prohibition lowers firms' costs.

b.

New firms enter the market to supply the outlawed products.

c.

The prohibition creates job losses as industry shuts down or leaves the jurisdiction.

d.

Firms may purchase or sell permits in a market

CO2is naturally occurring and as such not really a pollutant. What explains its economic treatment as a pollutant?

Select one:

a.

scale of emissions

b.

toxicity of emissions

c.

corrosiveness of emissions

d.

insolubility of CO2

What is it called when government uses laws and regulations to dictate the standards and/or technology to reduce pollution?

Select one:

a.

Pigouvian Taxation

b.

Command-and-control regulation

c.

Subsidisation

d.

Lawfare

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the "emissions trading" policy instrument?

Select one:

a.

It involves a mechanism whereby the permits available are initially distributed to producers who are potential emitters of a given pollutant

b.

The price mechanism for tradable emissions permits helps to allocate the restricted supply of permits to those who most value them

c.

All producers are required to be equally efficient in reducing emissions of the pollutant

d.

The right to pollute can be transferred between different parties at a price determined by the market in tradeable emissions permits