The Persistence of white Supremacy in Contemporary Crisis Jamelle Bouie claims in his SundayReview of the NYTimes (April 19, 2020) article titled: Why the coronavirus is killing African-Americans more than others. The Racial Character of Inequality in America that: If black Americans are more likely to suffer the comorbidities that make the coronavirus more deadly, its because those ailments are tied to the segregation and concentrated poverty that still mark their communities. Whats important to understand is that racialized inequality isnt a mistake  it isnt a flaw in the system. It reflects something in the character of American capitalism itself, a deep logic that produces the same outcomes, again and again. American capitalism did not emerge ex nihilo into the world. It grew out of existing social, political and economic arrangements, toppling some and incorporating others as it took shape in the second half of the 19th century. White supremacy was one of those arrangements.  Whiteness, the philosopher Charles Mills notes, underwrote the division of labor and the allocation of resources, with correspondingly enhanced socioeconomic life chances for ones white self and ones white children. It was not that life was particularly good for white workers, but that blacks faced additional challenges, from the denial of formal political rights to social exclusion and widespread, state-sanctioned violence.  By the time we reach the New Deal era, the racial differentiation of capitalist inequality was part of the pattern of American life, even in the midst of the Depression.  At the same time, state-subsidized education, low-interest home loans and the interstate highway system helped turn a working class of ethnic Europeans into a middle class of whites. This long quotation from Bouie encapsulates our work over the course of the semester. The fortunate aspect of the quotation is that it attempts to find support from the reading we undertook since May. Try to find resonance of the quotation in the readings we covered by answering the questions that follow, so please: 1. Explain why it may be true that the COVID 19 pandemic will exacerbate the comorbidities in the African American communities more so than in others. 2. Does McNulty have, in your view, a ready solution to the problem of segregation or inequality? 3. Consider how she levels a useful critique of binary identities and 4. Determine how her position might be construed also as a critique of possessive individualism 5. Use Lockes work to trace the trajectory of American Capitalism (show how one might argue that current capitalism is an extension of Lockes position) and in your view, 6. Is Bouie correct in his assessment of the Capitalism that we have inherited? 7. Tell us whether the sorts of social arrangements we have inherited, say from J.S. Mill for example, have travelled well from the 19th century to the present in other words, are they still relevant today? and 8. Tell us whether those arrangements would protect us from leaving others behind or, in any way, exclude them. 9. Are the social structures of exclusion, and the manner in which they have impacted this American version of Capitalism and Politics, indeed inevitable? 10. Offer some alternative structures drawn from one or more or none of the writers we have read that could redeem the legacy of white supremacy to which Bouie refers. 11. What physical and psychological consequences do the categories, e.g. in-group and out-group, if there are, fatherless vs intact families, disabled vs normal, that promote White Supremacy engender? 12. As you consider Perrys work for the previous question, conclude your paper with some evaluations of the solutions you might offer to the persistence of whiteness: from the perspective of either the social contract, Liberalism, Racial- or Gender-specific policies, i.e. what road shall we follow?