The product temperatures at the center of the particles being carried through the holding tube of an aseptic processing system have been predicted as following:

Time (s)	Temperature (C)
0	85
5	91
10	103
15	110
20	116
25	120
30	123

The purpose of the thermal process is to reduce the population of a thermally resistant microbial spore with a D₁₂₁ of 0.4 min and z of 9C.

a. If the initial population is 100 per particle, estimate the probability of spore survivors from the aseptic process.

b.Estimate the retention of a quality attribute with D₁₂₁ of 2 min. and z 120C.