The question of whether fitness level predicts the incidence of injury better whether an athlete is female or male involves _____ a variable.

1. measured
2. manipulated
3. task
4. situational

Question

12of20

If a psychologist is worried that a small sample will not reveal a real difference among groups, he or she might decide to increase the sample size. This concern is likely to be real when:

1. the effect size is large.
2. groups are homogeneous.
3. other researchers have replicated earlier results.
4. participants are very different from one another on the behavior of interest.

Question

13of20

What is the only form of psychological research that can determine cause and effect?

1. survey
2. longitudinal study
3. correlational study
4. experiment
5. comparative study

Question

14of20

If a journal article has a title like "The effect of manipulating noise levels on learning", that research is likely to be:

1. observational research.
2. correlational research.
3. experimental research.
4. qualitative research.

Question

15of20

The characteristic that differentiates experimental research from other approaches is:

1. the way researchers observe behavior.
2. the type of data the researchers collect.
3. the complexity of the data collected.
4. the amount of control researchers have over variables.

Question

16of20

If a researcher wanted to investigate the effect of a single variable on behavior, trying to eliminate the effects of other variables, that researcher would choose:

1. a controlled laboratory setting.
2. a quasi-experimental approach.
3. a naturalistic setting.
4. applied research.

Question

17of20

The early studies of Fear of Success that showed that women feared success used female names that were associated with lower intelligence and achievement than the corresponding men's names. This problem of differential effects of the names reflected the presence of:

1. causal ambiguity.
2. experimenter bias.
3. demand characteristics.
4. an extraneous variable.

Question

18of20

Which of the following is NOT descriptive statistics?

1. The mean height of people in Arizona.
2. The number of people who went to New York for the ball drop on New Year's Eve.
3. A prediction of next month's rainfall.
4. The median price of homes sold in Tempe.

Question

19of20

Researchers like it when their studies show high levels of external validity because it means that the research

1. is free from confounds and other extraneous variables.
2. the results can be generalized to other people or situations.
3. the measurements made in the studies are related to the underlying constructs.
4. variables that should be correlated are correlated.

Question

20of20

Descriptive statistics:

1. allow random assignment to experimental conditions.
2. use data from a sample to answer questions about a population.
3. summarize and describe data.
4. allow you to generalize beyond the data at hand.