The Sarbanes$-$Oxley Act:

a$.$

requires corporations to consider all stakeholders in corporate governance decisions.

b$.$

prohibits insiders with a fiduciary duty to their shareholders from trading on material non$-$public information in that stock.

c$.$

overhauls incentive and independence in the auditing process.

d$.$

prohibits anyone with nonpublic information about a pending or ongoing tender offer from trading on that information.