The shortcomings of the public service need to be addressed There are few occupations more important for a person than the call to public service. It is an opportunity to improve people's lives and change society for the better. It carries pronounced responsibility and often demands much of individuals and their families. A streamlined, efficient and well-integrated civil service is the symbol of a capable state. Likewise, an unproductive, inefficient and cumbersome civil service can frustrate the implementation of even the best policies. Public servants are the first interface between government and citizens. Their encounters, whether positive or negative, are crucial in how the state is perceived by the wider population. The key priority is to build a capable state. If we are to build a more capable state we have to seriously and urgently address the shortcomings in the organization and the capacity of the public service. The view that the public service is bloated is misplaced. Public servants include officials and administrators, but they also include doctors, nurses, police men and women and teachers who play an invaluable role in keeping the wheels of our country turning. The real issue is whether - given its size, cost and needs of our country - the public service is performing as it should. The experience of the society is that in several areas, the state is falling short of expectations. There are some fundamental problems that government are seriously trying to change. One of the areas is known as the 'political administrative' interface, where lines of accountability at the most senior levels of the state have become blurred. Political office bearers such as Ministers, MECs and Mayors often bend towards getting involved in administrative matters that should be the responsibility of professional public servants. While the public service is required to implement the electoral mandate of the governing party and to account to the Executive, they need to be able to peform work without undue political interference. Public service managers must be given the space, the means and the resources to manage. Senior appointments are sometimes made on political considerations rather than expertise. This severely limits the capacity and effective functioning of the state. As much as the ranks of our civil service comprise individuals committed to driving government's programme of action, it has also over the years been associated with patronage. This is manifested through the appointment of people into senior positions based on considerations other than their capability to execute the tasks of the office they are appointed to. The building of a capable, ethical and developmental state is among our foremost priorities. We want the public service to be oriented towards efficiency, performance and developmental outcomes. The civil service should attract high-calibre and qualified candidates. As one of the ways of achieving this, the National Development Plan (NDP) proposes a formal graduate recruitment scheme for the public service. Our people want the best and the brightest in society to serve them. The civil service must be seen as a career destination of choice by those who want to make a difference in the life of their country, and not merely as a comfortable 9-to-5 desk job or a place to earn a salary with minimal effort. Should some still harbour this view they should take advantage of opportunities exit the public service to make way for those who are up to the task. Training and up skilling is critical to professionalising the civil service. The National School of Government is playing an important role in building a culture of lifelong learning for those already in the ranks. As an example, the school offers a certificate programme for anyone who wants to be appointed into senior management. Many of the school's programmes - from advanced project management to financial management and budgeting to change leadership - are offered online. The school is also engaged in collaboration with international training institutes to offer courses on wider governance issues. Being a public servant is an honour and a privilege. It demands dedication, selflessness, professionalism, commitment and the utmost faithfulness to the principles of Batho Pele, of putting the people first.

Public servants are entrusted with managing state resources for the benefit of the public and in guarding against them being misused and abused. They are representatives of a government derived of the people and for the people, and are guardians of our Constitution.

At a time when we have been confronted with a series of scandals that point to clear complicity by certain public servants in acts of corruption, this Public Service Month should be an opportunity for the men and women tasked with this weighty responsibility to set themselves apart - to rededicate themselves to their calling and to fully comprehend what it truly means to be a servant of the people.

To attain the development priorities and trajectory South Africa has embarked upon at the advent of democracy, the State had to reorganize its machinery in terms of policy direction, structures and systems for the implementation thereof. The framework to attain Government's development priorities has been reorganized and formulated in the National Development Plan, 2030 as the overarching strategic Vision 2030 planning document. In moving towards appreciating development priorities, holistic sustainable development is placed as a foundation on which development must grow. There is undoubtedly a direct relationship between public sector research and development priorities of all three spheres of Government. Ongoing research from various sources and Institutions inform the developmental path of the Country.

As the NDP emphasized, a capable developmental state cannot be created by decree, but it has to be built, brick by brick, institution by institution, and sustained and rejuvenated over time. The ability to steadily acquire a high level of capability as envisaged by the NDP is a defining characteristic of what a capable developmental state should have to become an economically prosperous, socially inclusive and a well-governed state that is able to meet the needs of our people.

SECTION B

QUESTION 3 Performance Management System is an authoritative framework for managing employee performance that includes a policy framework as well as a basis relating to all aspects and elements in the performance cycle, including performance planning and agreement, performance monitoring, review and control, performance appraisal and moderating, and managing the outcome of appraisals. It gives guidelines on how everything to do with performance management is to be done, from goal setting and deciding how to measure accomplishments to providing regular assessments. Critically discuss the phases of performance management and the importance of performance management in the public sector