The state has a vital role in the delivery of a wide array of publle services from juslice and securily to senicesfor individual cilizens and pivate entemrises. Besides traditional public services, such as healli care or edication, there are administratue senices, such as delivery of licences and permissions, which are subjed to regulation of admialistrative proceedings. Service delivery can be defined as any contact Wilh the public administation duing which custamers - cifizens, residenls or enterprises - seek or provide data, hande their alfairs-or fulfil their duties these senvices should be delivered in an effective, predictable, reliable and customew fiiendy manner by compelent public ollicials. Due to rapid expansion of the use of information and communlcation techinologies, electronic service delivery is an eflactive means to reduce costs both in lime and money. for the customer as well as the govemment Good service delivery requires that the government understands he need to promote cilizen-oriented adrinistration. Good administration is a policy objective put inlo practice coherently, through various regulatory and other mechanisms, to enstre qualily public se vices: complex. As cilizens, people tend to find govemment wastetu, untrustwortiy, and umesponsive. As cllents and cistomers, they find ilsatisfactoyy, as regulatees, fiey are less favourbble. The manageriel. politicas, and legal perspectives offer different views of fle public. Participation is emphasized by the political per spective and offars some possibilities for strengtharing the "public" in public administration. The new public management, by contrast, views the public primarily as cusiomers. The perspectives can be synthesized to a cerlain extent by applying them to different areas of public administration, such as senvice and therapy. There is also broad agreement that paperwork reduction, plain language, and egovemment can improve the relationship between public adiministration and the public. The development and growth of the contemporary administralivestale haverilyed ramifications for the public. Certainly, The public has benefited greatly from public administation. Piblic administrators are concerned with the provision of public goods and quasi-public goods. such as delence of the political community, roads, and reoreational and cultural facilities. They are al so adively involved in providing justice, safety, economic security, health, education, and other benefits to the public or segments of it. But the provision of these benefits has not been without important social, political, and economic costs. Too often in the past, public administration texts falled to address the place of the "public' in the public administrative state. Todey. byooniras, the new public management (NPM) puts relationships with the public at the for effont of public: aria inistrative practice Avostant (201Nites) As can be deductad fiom he namalive, evary, person in a country is aliected by same pulic. adinitistrative ations all fie time. The public interacts directly with public adininistrators in several contexts. For the sake of enalysts, these can beplaced into six main overlapping calagoties. By alluding your answar with examples discuss these calegones. Question2 (20Maiks) The ind vidual's role in thepolit cal system also undegees mator transfomations with the rise of he administrativestate. First, votars impactongovemmeat is accentialed because they have inadequate: mechanisms for contitelling administative agencies and holdiag them accountable. Foday he delivery of so many government services by third parties, "irough privalisalion and devolution, removes the elactorate=even futher from exercising direct contro over public administration. Biscuss the role that Hitividuals can, and should play in the economy and in apoli icalsystem. Section B ANSWERANY THREE (3) questions in this-section. Question 3 (20 Marks) Bureaucracy is a word more often used as a lerm of abure than-as a description. To many people it signities delay, red tape, coldness, impersonal allitudes and inefficiency. Write critical notes on the concept "Bureaucracy" and elucidate the strengths and weaknesses of bureattcracy. The state has a vital role in the delivery of a wide array of publle services from juslice and securily to senicesfor individual cilizens and pivate entemrises. Besides traditional public services, such as healli care or edication, there are administratue senices, such as delivery of licences and permissions, which are subjed to regulation of admialistrative proceedings. Service delivery can be defined as any contact Wilh the public administation duing which custamers - cifizens, residenls or enterprises - seek or provide data, hande their alfairs-or fulfil their duties these senvices should be delivered in an effective, predictable, reliable and customew fiiendy manner by compelent public ollicials. Due to rapid expansion of the use of information and communlcation techinologies, electronic service delivery is an eflactive means to reduce costs both in lime and money. for the customer as well as the govemment Good service delivery requires that the government understands he need to promote cilizen-oriented adrinistration. Good administration is a policy objective put inlo practice coherently, through various regulatory and other mechanisms, to enstre qualily public se vices: complex. As cilizens, people tend to find govemment wastetu, untrustwortiy, and umesponsive. As cllents and cistomers, they find ilsatisfactoyy, as regulatees, fiey are less favourbble. The manageriel. politicas, and legal perspectives offer different views of fle public. Participation is emphasized by the political per spective and offars some possibilities for strengtharing the "public" in public administration. The new public management, by contrast, views the public primarily as cusiomers. The perspectives can be synthesized to a cerlain extent by applying them to different areas of public administration, such as senvice and therapy. There is also broad agreement that paperwork reduction, plain language, and egovemment can improve the relationship between public adiministration and the public. The development and growth of the contemporary administralivestale haverilyed ramifications for the public. Certainly, The public has benefited greatly from public administation. Piblic administrators are concerned with the provision of public goods and quasi-public goods. such as delence of the political community, roads, and reoreational and cultural facilities. They are al so adively involved in providing justice, safety, economic security, health, education, and other benefits to the public or segments of it. But the provision of these benefits has not been without important social, political, and economic costs. Too often in the past, public administration texts falled to address the place of the "public' in the public administrative state. Todey. byooniras, the new public management (NPM) puts relationships with the public at the for effont of public: aria inistrative practice Avostant (201Nites) As can be deductad fiom he namalive, evary, person in a country is aliected by same pulic. adinitistrative ations all fie time. The public interacts directly with public adininistrators in several contexts. For the sake of enalysts, these can beplaced into six main overlapping calagoties. By alluding your answar with examples discuss these calegones. Question2 (20Maiks) The ind vidual's role in thepolit cal system also undegees mator transfomations with the rise of he administrativestate. First, votars impactongovemmeat is accentialed because they have inadequate: mechanisms for contitelling administative agencies and holdiag them accountable. Foday he delivery of so many government services by third parties, "irough privalisalion and devolution, removes the elactorate=even futher from exercising direct contro over public administration. Biscuss the role that Hitividuals can, and should play in the economy and in apoli icalsystem. Section B ANSWERANY THREE (3) questions in this-section. Question 3 (20 Marks) Bureaucracy is a word more often used as a lerm of abure than-as a description. To many people it signities delay, red tape, coldness, impersonal allitudes and inefficiency. Write critical notes on the concept "Bureaucracy" and elucidate the strengths and weaknesses of bureattcracy