The statement of stockholders' equity:

a. is used only if a corporation frequently issues common stock.

b. is one of the required financial statements for the annual report, when changes have occurred in the stockholders' equity accounts.

c. shows the changes in retained earnings for the period, which includes the increase or decrease as a result of net income or loss for the period, and dividends for the period.

d. includes accounts, such as the retained earnings and common stock accounts, but not changes to the retained earnings account, since those items are reported on the statement of retained earnings.