The term ____ refers to a programming language mechanism that replaces a complex notation with a simpler notation.

shorthand

syntactic sugar

semantic sugar

API

Variables are given names and data types using a ____.

		declaration
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		package Before the middle of the 1940s, computer operators hardwired their programs by setting switches that adjusted the internal wiring of the computer. True False A programming languages words are referred to as tokens. True False FORTRAN was the first programming language to be machine independent. True False