The textbook used is The Economics of Sports, 6th edition, by Michael Leeds, Peter von Allmen, and Victor Matheson (Routledge Publishing)

3. Below are the final winning percentages of the NBA 1989-90 and 2016-17 regular seasons. Each season was 82 games long. 1989-90 2016-17 Team WP WP Golden State Warriors 0.451 0.817 San Antonio Spurs 0.683 0.744 Houston Rockets 0.5 0.671 Los Angeles Clippers 0.366 0.622 Utah Jazz 0.671 0.622 Seattle Supersonics/Oklahoma City Thunder 0.5 0.573 Memphis Grizzlies 0.524 Portland Trail Blazers 0.72 0.5 Denver Nuggets 0.524 0.488 Old Charlotte Hornets/New Orleans Pelicans 0.232 0.415 Dallas Mavericks 0.573 0.402 Sacramento Kings 0.28 0.39 Minnesota Timberwolves 0.268 0.378 Los Angeles Lakers 0.768 0.317 Phoenix Suns 0.659 0.293 Boston Celtics 0.634 0.646 Cleveland Cavaliers 0.512 0.622 Toronto Raptors 0.622 Washington Wizards 0.378 0.598 Atlanta Hawks 0.5 0.524 Milwaukee Bucks 0.537 0.512 Indiana Pacers 0.512 0.512 Chicago Bulls 0.671 0.5 Miami Heat 0.22 0.5 Detroit Pistons 0.72 0.451 New Charlotte Hornets 0.439 New York Knicks 0.549 0.378 Orlando Magic 0.22 0.354 Philadelphia 76ers 0.646 0.341 New Jersey/Brooklyn Nets 0.207 0.244 Using the ratio of the standard deviation of winning percentage to the standard deviation of the winning percentages in a perfectly balanced ("ideal") league, has the NBA become more competitively balanced? Be sure to show (a) the standard deviation of WP in each season; (b) the standard deviation of a perfectly balanced league; and (c) the ratios for each season. (NOTE - This is best done with a spreadsheet like Excel. See the video on measuring league balance to see how to do this for a single season.)