The United States has money growth of 2% and real GDP growth of 3%. In the Euro Area, money growth is 3% while real GDP growth is 2%. What does the monetary exchange rate model predict for dollar exchange rate versus the euro? Group of answer choices

a) The U.S. dollar would appreciate by 1% against the euro.

b) The U.S. dollar and the euro would not change against each other because the growth rates are offsetting.

c) The U.S. dollar would appreciate by 2% against the euro.

d) The U.S. dollar would depreciate by 1% against the euro.