The U.S. Treasury Department, Federal Reserve Board and FDIC engaged in numerous actions, in 2008 and 2009, including providing capital , loans, Ioan guarantees and other actions to infuse capital into our financial institutions and to free up our credit markets. These actions were taken to avert the risk of a world-wide chain reaction of defaults on swap payments and other financial obligations which the Central Administration anticipated would result if no assistance was provided to these financial institutions and the credit markets. This risk is referred to as Systemic risk Currency risk Sovereign risk Interest rate risk Basis risk