The voting pattern for a certain group of cities is such that 60% of the Democratic (D) mayors were succeeded by Democrats and 40% by Republicans (R). Also 30% of Republican mayors were succeeded by Democrats and 70% by Republicans.

(a) Explain why this is a Markov chain.

(b) Set up the transition matrix P with columns and rows labeled D and R.

(c) Compute P² and P³.