"..The WSJ Dollar Index, which measures the greenback against a basket of other currencies, fell 5% this month. That marks its largest monthly percentage decline since July 2010, according to Dow Jones Market Data. The greenback has soared this year as the Federal Reserve embarked on its most aggressive policy tightening-campaign in decades. Higher interest rates typically make a currency more attractive to investors. The WSJ Dollar Index is up 10% for the year but has pared gains in recent weeks as investors bet that the Federal Reserve will slow the pace of rate-increases in the months ahead. Data suggesting U.S. inflation is slowing also weighed on the U.S. currency and allowed the beaten-down currencies of other countries to claw back some losses for the year..."

Source: Chelsey Dulaney, "Dollar Notches Biggest Monthly Loss Since 2010", The Wall Street Journal, November 30, 2022

A) Mentioned in the article above, "...the Federal Reserve embarked on its most aggressive policy tightening-campaign in decades...". Why did the Fed initiate a tightened monetary policy in 2022. Discuss the rationale behind this.

B) According to the article, higher interest rate had driven up the value of U.S. dollar this year (before November). Use relevant theories to explain the connection between higher interest rate and appreciation of the U.S. dollar.