Theme 2: LearningActivity

Lung canceris the second most common cancer among men and women in the USA.You are hired as a manager-planner by one of the hospitals. The organization is interested in establishing a community outreach program promoting smoking cessation and lung cancer screening. The Board of Directors requested yourservices in processing the data collected through the prospective cohort study among male and female population visiting local gym. The data set isattached.Please useExcelorEpi Infoto process the data. Chose the correct epi tool, provide agraphic representation of the processed data set and offer a conclusionas to the causative relationship between smoking and death. List the potential biases and provide a recommendation as to the study validity and reliability. Inform the Board of Directors (and your peers) about your findings.

Key Statistics for Lung Cancer

Most lung cancer statistics include both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In general, about 13% of all lung cancers are SCLC, and 84% are NSCLC.

How common is lung cancer

Lung cancer (both small cell and non-small cell) is the second most common cancer in both men and women (not countingskin cancer). In men,prostate canceris more common, while in womenbreast canceris more common.

The American Cancer Society's estimates for lung cancer in the United States for 2021are:

About 235,760 new cases of lung cancer (119,100 in men and 116,660 in women)

About 131,880 deaths from lung cancer (69,410 in men and 62,470 in women)

Lung cancer mainly occurs in older people. Most people diagnosed with lung cancer are 65 or older; a very small number of people diagnosed are younger than 45. The average age of people when diagnosed is about 70.

Lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women, making up almost 25% of all cancer deaths. Each year, more people die of lung cancer than ofcolon, breast, and prostate cancers combined.

On a positive note, the number of new lung cancer cases continues to decrease, partly because people arequitting smoking. Also, the number of deaths from lung cancer continues to drop due to people stopping smoking and advances in early detection and treatment.

Lifetime chance of getting lung cancer

Overall, the chance that a man will develop lung cancer in his lifetime is about 1 in 15; for a woman, the risk is about 1 in 17. These numbers include both smokers and non-smokers. For smokers the risk is much higher, while for non-smokers the risk is lower.

Black men are about 15% more likely to develop lung cancer than white men. The rate is about 14% lower in Black women than in white women.

Black and white women have lower rates than men, but the gap is closing. The lung cancer rate has been dropping among men over the past few decades, but only for about the last decade in women.

DATA TO BE PROCESSED

The Sample set is 157 people

28 people continued to smoke and DIED

14 people quit smoking and DIED

48 people continued to smoke and SURVIVED

67 people quit smoking and SURVIVED