Theory: Voltage, V [Volts] is created by separated positive and negative charges (hence batteries have a positive and a negative terminal). Current, / [Amps] is the rate at which the electrons are flowing. Resistance, R [Ohms] is a material's tendency to resist the flow of current. These three fundamental characteristics of circuitry is related through Ohm's Law. V[V]=IR[A][2] Benjamin Franklin, in the 18" century, made incredible breakthroughs in the field of electricity when he was not helping draft the Declaration of Independence. He knew that subatomic particles moved to create current, but he just did not know if it was the positive or the negative charges that actually moved. He guessed it was the positive charges, and hence the convention was created that current flows from positive to negative. Unfortunately, he was wrong, but this convention is still used today. It was not until later that it was discovered that electrons are free to move in conducting material and that protons are tied to the nucleus. To measure current, the current needs to flow through the Ammeter (and ammeter resistance = 0 ). To measure voltage, the voltmeter needs to go across something that created a voltage difference. It does this without altering the original path of the circuit. Hence, the voltmeter assumes an "infinite" resistance because current will always flow through the path of least resistance. In circuitry, resistors drop voltage creating this voltage difference. Think of current as water flow starting from a mountain top and think of the resistor as a waterfall that drops voltage. The current is the same along any path, but the voltage will change depending on where your "waterfalls" are in the circuit. Well, what if there are no waterfalls? With no resistance, Ohm's law tells us we have an infinite current. Essentially, we just destroyed our circuit. The amount of power in our circuit is given to us by P= IV = P [W]Part (1): Circuit Components P roced u res: 1} Go to the following link https:..-'i'phet.co]orado.edufsims..-'htmlfcircuitconstructionkitdc_.-'latest-\"circuit constructionkitdc_a]l.html . Select "Lab" and construct the following circuit as you see below. It consists of a battery, wire, a resistor, an ammeter (measures current}, and a voltmeter (measures voltage). Set the battery to 10.0Vr and the resistor to 10.0 Ohms. Turn on \"Labels" and \"Values" Click on \"Show Current Electrons\". Is the movement of electrons (known as current} going clockwise or counterclockwise? Is the current going through the ammeter? Is it going through the voltmeter? Refer to the theory section as to why your observations occur. Now Click on "Show Current Conventional\". This shows the movement of positive charge (which doesn't actually move}. Which direction is this going? Turn off\"Show Current". Now change the position ofthe voltmeter probes so the black end is before the resistor. and the red end is after the resistor. What is the voltage reading now? In circuitry. \"red\" means it goes toward the +end and "black\" means it goes towards the "ground\". 6} Set the resistance of the resistor to 0 2 and observe what happens to the current reading, voltage reading, and battery. Current: Voltage: .................. Battery: .................. T) Bump your resistance to 0.1 Q and observe what happens. This is what can happen when something has way too much current. It's a bit exaggerated for small scales. but you still can physically feel low resistance resistors get hot. Current: Voltage: Battery: ... . . ...... . . . . .. Part (2): Ohm's Law 1) Set the voltage to 10V. Set the resistor to 10 2. Select the "Advanced" options and bring the wire resistivity a little past the zero mark. The exact position doesn't matter. Measure the current and record in table 1. Complete the table below. - Advanced Wire Resistivity tiny lots Battery Resistance tiny 10 0 TTTTTTTTT O Add Real Bulbs Table 1: Raw Data V =10.0 Volts Resistance [2 4 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 Current [A] 2) Create a formatted plot of Resistance vs 1/Current COPY/PASTE PLOT HERE 3) What is the experimental value for voltage to the correct number of sig figs and units? V exp = 6.. 4) Find the Percent Error in voltage % o, SHOW WORK % S =i Set the voltage to 10V. Set the resistance to 10 2. Measure the current and record in table 2. Complete the table below. Table 2: Raw Data R = 10.0 2 Voltage [Vi 10.0 |15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 Current [A]6) Create a formatted plot of Voltage vs Current COPY/PASTE PLOT HERE 7) What is the experimental value for Resistance to the correct number of sigfigs and units? Rexp6. ........... 8) Find the Percent Error in voltage % OR SHOW WORK % 8 R= L Part (3): Analysis 1) In the lab, what did you find that represented the amount of precision you were able to obtain in the experiment? . . . . ... ... 2) If the y-intercept was set to zero, how would it have impacted the precision or accuracy of your results? ........... ... 3) What type of uncertainty was introduced into the experiment by increasing the wire resistivity? This uncertainty is the cause of your percent error. . ........ . . . .... 4) In order to account for your uncertainty, what would the resistance of the wire be in order to satisfy Ohm's Law for the circuit? ............ 5) How much power is in the circuit when the voltage was at 10V and the resistance at 10