There are many areas of the world in which women and girls are neglected. Suppose that you have been asked by a community leader to determine why females receive worse treatment than males in the community.

1. (a)How would you estimate the number of "missing women" in the community?
2. (b)The community leader believes that women and girls are neglected because there are few employment opportunities for women. What are three alternative explanations for gender discrimination?
3. (c)The community plans to introduce an employment program where married women aged 30- 45 are given an opportunity to earn a salary outside the home. How would you measure the impact of this program on gender discrimination using a randomized evaluation?
4. a. How would you select program participants? b. What outcomes would you measure?
5. c. What comparisons would you make?
6. (d)How could you measure the effect of this program using a "natural experiment" or "difference-in-differences" approach?
7. (e)Describe a research design you could use to test whether one of the alternative explanations you mentioned in Part (b) was valid. What evidence or information would you collect? What types of comparisons would you make? What would your explanation predict you should find?