There are several areas in which disagreement can emerge while a contract is in effect. Actions taken by both parties (management and union) can violate labor acts and be known as Unfair Labor Practices (ULPs). Disagreements can be resolved by bargaining or by evaluating the merits of a given issue. Team-based environments can lead to proactive grievance procedures. In the processing of grievances, the union owes individual members the right to a uniform grievance process.