There are two machines M1 and M2 with different ISAs and with the clock rates 2.2 GHz and 2.4 GHz respectively. There are six classes of instructions (see the table below) in both ISAs. A program is compiled into both machines and gave two sets of machine language instruction sets (say ML1 and ML2). In both machine language programs, ML1 and ML2, the average number of cycles for the instructions of each instruction class and their frequencies are given below:

Instruction Class	Machine M1 ML1		Machine M2 ML2
	Cycles/Instr Class	Frequency (%)	Cycles/Instr Class	Frequency (%)
LW	5	10	3	20
SW	4	20	2	10
Branch	3	10	2	20
Other I-type	1	20	2	10
R-type	1	30	1	30
J- type	1	10	1	10

1. What are the average CPIs for this program on the machines M1 and M2 in that order?

a. Cannot determine

b. 2.2 and 2.4

c. 2.2 and 1.8

d. 2.6 and 3.1

2. On the machine M1, if the program (ML1) takes 3000 ns to execute, how many machine language instructions are there in ML1? ( note that 1 ns = 10^-9 sec, and 1 GHz = 10⁹ Hz)

a. Cannot determine

b. 3000

c. 2.2 * 3000

d. 3000/2.2

3. If ML2 has 1000 more machine instructions than ML1. Which machine is faster for this program?

a. M1 is faster

b. M2 is faster

c. Both are same

d. Cannot determine

4. Which machine, M1 or M2, will spend more time on executing memory reference instructions, and by how much (in nano seconds)? [hint: based on the above table M1 spends (13/22) of the total time on sw and lw]

a. M1 will spend nearly 450 ns more than M2

b. M2 will spend nearly 450 ns more than M1

c. Both will spend same amount of time

d. Cannot determine