Thermodynamics Formula Sheet First law of thermodynamics for a system: (Qin - Cout) + (Win - Wout) + (Emass,in - Emass,out) = AU + AKE + APEB Steady Flow Energy Equation (SFEE) for a single stream control volume: Qcv - Wev = m (hz - hy) + (52 20:) + g(zz -zz)) Rates of Conductive & Convectiont Transfer: Qcond = -kcond A ax Qconv = -hconvAAT Rate of Radiative Heat Transfer: Qrad = Azo (TB* - TA* ) where o = 5.67x10-8 W/m2.K4 Entropy balance for a system: at (Ssystem) = Sin - Sout + Sgen where Sinlout = Linjout Tinlout Gibbs equations: TdS = du + PdV = dH - Vdp Gibbs Energy: G =H -TS Boltzmann distribution: s = k In w where k = 1.38x 10-23 J/K For an ideal gas: PV = nRT where R = 8.314 J/(mol.K) and R = - Rspec where an over dot indicates rate and A area K Boltzmann's Cy, cp specific heat constant AU = mcvAT capacity at constant Kcond thermal conductivity V velocity V. P m mass V volume Emass energy associated n number of moles W work with mass transfer PE potential energy Z height above datum KE kinetic energy P pressure e emissivity g gravitational Q heat transfer Stefan Boltzmann constant Rspec gas constant, constant G Gibbs energy Rspec = Cp - CV w number of viable h, H specific enthalpy, s, S specific entropy, arrangements enthalpy, entropy AH = mcpAT time hconv heat transfer temperature coefficient internal energy,Dr D Litskevich 45228 Q3 For a university building, steam at 150 C for heating is supplied from a remote boiler house through a 35m length of insulated pipe over the road at first floor level. The pipe has an inside diameter of 0.15m with a wall thickness of 10mm and conductivity of 48 W/(m.K). The insulation is 50 mm thick with a conductivity of 0.87 W/(m.K). State Fourier's law of conduction for an infinitely long cylinder and define the terminology used. [5] Calculate the heat loss when the atmospheric temperature is -5 C and the heat transfer coefficients between the steam and pipe and from the insulation to the atmosphere are 2.84 and 34.1 kW/(m2.K) respectively. [15]