This assignment focuses on categorical data. Two of the statistics most often used to test hypotheses about categorical data are odds ratios (ORs) and the chi-square. The disease-OR refers to the odds in favor of disease in the exposed group divided by the odds in favor of the unexposed group. Chi-square statistics measure the difference between the observed counts and the corresponding expected counts. The expected counts are hypothetical counts that would occur if the null hypothesis were true.

Part 1: ORs

A study conducted by Lpez-Carnllo, Avila, and Dubrow (1994) investigated hazards associated with the consumption of food local to a particular geographic area, in this case chili peppers particular to Mexico. It was a population-based case-control study in Mexico City on the relationship betweenchili pepper consumption and gastric cancer risk.Subjects for the study consisted of 213 incident cases and 697 controls randomly selected from the general population. Interviews produced the following information regarding chili consumption:

Table 1: Chili Pepper Consumption and Gastric Cancer Risk

Chili pepper consumptionCase of gastric cancerControlsYesA = 204B = 552NoC = 9D = 145

Reference:

Lpez-Carnllo, L., Avila, M. H., & Dubrow, R. (1994). Chili pepper consumption

and gastric cancer in Mexico: A case-control study.American Journal of

Epidemiology,139(3), 263-271.

In a Microsoft Excel worksheet, calculate the odds of having gastric cancer.

In addition, provide a written interpretation of your results