This is an exploration of what happens when a battery that provides a fixed potential difference V is connected to a light bulb or a capacitor/lightbulb combination. We are ultimately interested in understanding the charging and discharging of a capacitor and how it behaves as you connect it with other components. These components can be the light bulbs or the resistors provided in the kit. Using the iOLab, you will find how the capacitor charges as a function of time. PART 1 TURNING ON A LIGHT BULB AND CHARGING A - CAPACITOR Lab Equipment: EM-8675 Kit alligator clips Jazrauz D-batteries Light bulb socket Battery Holder Light bulb Clip leads with Capacitor 1. Sketch the setup you need to turn on a light bulb using a D battery. Do one sketch using the socket and a second one without using the socket (where on the lightbulb do you need to put the wires?) Scientific Ability Sketch Inadequate Sketch is drawn but it is incomplete with no physical quantities labeled, or important information is missing. or it contains wrong information. Scientific Ability Is able to perform the setup to get the light bulb to turn on. Adequate Sketch has no incorrect information but has either no or very few labels of given quantities. 2. Perform the setup outlined in question 1, turning on the lightbulb (with and without sockets). Take pictures of your "circuits" with light bulbs on. If it is too difficult to take a picture of the setup without the socket, include a sketch with details on what you did. Inadequate The experiment was unsuccessful. Good Sketch contains all key items with correct labeling of all physical quantities. Adequate The picture of the setup is not complete or blurry. Details cannot be observed. Good Is able to achieve the desired result and included a picture that includes all the components and connections made. 3. Describe everything that you observe, without trying to explain. Compare different physical situations of lighting each bulb with and without the socket, with one or two batteries. To connect two batteries together, connect the negative end of one battery to the positive end of the other with an alligator clip. Record your observations. Scientific Ability Is able to describe what is observed, without trying to explain, in all the setups. Inadequate A description is incomplete. No labeled sketch is present. Or, observations are adjusted to fit expectations. Adequate Description is apt, but patterns were not noticed. Not all the combinations were tested out Good Clearly describes what happens for the different setups. 4. Describe visually what the 1F capacitor looks like. Some capacitors are polarized and have "minus" direction and a "positive" direction. They will work better and last longer if the negative end is connected to the ground (negative end of battery) while positive end is connected to the positive end of battery. Grade on correctness. 5. Now connect the capacitor and the light bulb to one another and to the battery in a line with wires. Keep in mind that the long leg of the capacitor is the positive end, while the short leg is the negative end. Describe what you observe. Be quantitative where you can. Scientific Ability Is able to describe what is observed without trying to explain, both in words and by means of a picture of the experimental setup. Inadequate A description is incomplete. No labeled sketch is present. Or, observations are adjusted to fit expectations. Adequate A description is complete, but mixed up with explanations or pattern. The sketch is present but is difficult to understand. Good Clearly describes what happens in the experiments both verbally and with a sketch. Provides other representations when necessary (tables and graphs). 6. Based on your observations from the previous experiment, come up with a theory to explain what happened to the light bulb/capacitor when connected with battery and capacitor. Scientific Ability Is able to identify the theory to be tested Scientific Ability is able to design a reliable experiment that tests the theory Inadequate No attempt is made, or the theory is described in a confusing manner Is able to make a reasonable prediction based on a theory 7. Describe the experiment you will use to test your theory. You are only allowed to use equipment in the listed equipment list. If your theory is correct, what do you predict will happen? Inadequate The experiment does not test the theory or the design is likely to lead to an incorrect judgment Adequate The theory to be tested is described but there are minor omissions or vague details No attempt is made, or a prediction is made that is distinct from the theory but is not based on it Good The theory is clearly stated Adequate The experiment tests the theory, but due to the nature of the design there is a moderate chance the data will lead to an inconclusive judgment N/A Good The experiment tests the theory and has a high likelihood of producing data that will lead to a conclusive judgment A prediction is made that follows from the theory 8. Do your experiment and record your observations. Comment on your data. Does it agree or disagree with your theory? What does this tell you about your theory? Scientific Ability Is able to make a reasonable judgment about the theory Inadequate No judgment is made about the theory, or the judgment is not consistent with the outcome of the experiment Adequate N/A Good A judgment is made and is consistent with the experimental outcome