This is python.

There are 2 sections, we have to finish the "#TODOs" listed in the code.

The first section:

from __future__ import annotations from typing import Any, Optional

class _Node: """A node in a linked list.

Note that this is considered a "private class", one which is only meant to be used in this module by the LinkedList class, but not by client code.

=== Attributes === item: The data stored in this node. next: The next node in the list, or None if there are no more nodes. """ item: Any next: Optional[_Node]

def __init__(self, item: Any) -> None: """Initialize a new node storing , with no next node. """ self.item = item self.next = None # Initially pointing to nothing

class LinkedList: """A linked list implementation of the List ADT. """ # === Private Attributes === # _first: # The first node in the linked list, or None if the list is empty. # curr : cursor pointing to nodes during the run

_first: Optional[_Node]

def __init__(self) -> None: """Initialize an empty linked list. """ self._first = None

def print_items(self) -> None: """Print out each item in this linked list.""" curr = self._first while curr is not None: print(curr.item) curr = curr.next

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Prep 5 exercises # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # For each of the following linked list methods, read its docstring # and the complete its implementation. # You should use as your starting point our *linked list traversal* # code template, but of course you should modify it as necessary! # # NOTE: the first two methods are new special methods (you can tell by the # double underscores), and enable some special Python behaviour that we've # illustrated in the doctests. # # At the bottom of this file, we've included some helpers # to create some basic linked lists for our doctests.

def __len__(self) -> int: """Return the number of elements in this list.

>>> lst = LinkedList() >>> len(lst) # Equivalent to lst.__len__() 0 >>> lst = three_items(1, 2, 3) >>> len(lst) 3 """ # TODO: implement this method # curr = self._first # while curr is not None: # ... curr.item ... # curr = curr.next

def __contains__(self, item: Any) -> bool: """Return whether is in this list.

Use == to compare items.

>>> lst = three_items(1, 2, 3) >>> 2 in lst # Equivalent to lst.__contains__(2) True >>> 4 in lst False """ # TODO: implement this method # curr = self._first # while curr is not None: # ... curr.item ... # curr = curr.next

# HINTS: for this one, you'll be adding a new item to a linked list. # 1. Create a new _Node object first. # 2. Consider the cases where the list is empty and non-empty separately. # 3. For the non-empty case, you'll first need to iterate to the # *last node* in the linked list. (Review this prep's Quercus quiz!) def append(self, item: Any) -> None: """Append to the end of this list.

>>> lst = LinkedList() >>> lst.append(1) >>> lst._first.item 1 >>> lst.append(2) >>> lst._first.next.item 2 """ # TODO: implement this method # curr = self._first # while curr is not None: # ... curr.item ... # curr = curr.next

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Helpers for creating linked lists (testing purposes only) # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ def one_item(x: Any) -> LinkedList: """Return a linked list containing the given item.""" lst = LinkedList() node = _Node(x) lst._first = node return lst

def three_items(x1: Any, x2: Any, x3: Any) -> LinkedList: """Return a linked list containing the given three items.""" lst = LinkedList() node1 = _Node(x1) node2 = _Node(x2) node3 = _Node(x3) node1.next = node2 node2.next = node3 lst._first = node1 return lst

if __name__ == '__main__': import python_ta python_ta.check_all(config={ 'allowed-io': ['print_items'], 'disable': ['W0212'] })

import doctest doctest.testmod()

The second section:

from typing import List from prep5 import LinkedList, _Node

# TODO: Write test cases for __contains__ # We will have a correct version of prep5.py, as well as a version # with a bug in the __contains__ method to test your test cases on. # The specific bug is a secret, so test thoroughly! # # The requirements of your tests are as follows: # - All of your tests must pass on the correct version. # - At least one of your tests must fail on the version with a bug. # # You may assume __len__ and append work properly in both versions that # we test your test cases on.

# Below are provided sample test cases for your use. You are encouraged # to add additional test cases. # WARNING: THIS IS AN EXTREMELY INCOMPLETE SET OF TESTS! # Add your own to practice writing tests and to be confident your code is # correct. def test_len_empty() -> None: """Test LinkedList.__len__ for an empty linked list.""" lst = LinkedList() assert len(lst) == 0

def test_len_three() -> None: """Test LinkedList.__len__ on a linked list of length 3.""" lst = LinkedList() node1 = _Node(10) node2 = _Node(20) node3 = _Node(30) node1.next = node2 node2.next = node3 lst._first = node1

assert len(lst) == 3

def test_contains_doctest() -> None: """Test LinkedList.__contains__ on the given doctest.""" lst = LinkedList() node1 = _Node(1) node2 = _Node(2) node3 = _Node(3) node1.next = node2 node2.next = node3 lst._first = node1

assert 2 in lst assert not (4 in lst)

def test_append_empty() -> None: """Test LinkedList.append on an empty list.""" lst = LinkedList() lst.append(1) assert lst._first.item == 1

def test_append_one() -> None: """Test LinkedList.append on a list of length 1.""" lst = LinkedList() lst._first = _Node(1) lst.append(2) assert lst._first.next.item == 2

if __name__ == '__main__': import pytest pytest.main(['prep5_starter_tests.py'])