Thornton Publications established the following standard price and costs for a hardcover picture book that the company produces.

Standard price and variable costs
Sales price	$	36.60
Materials cost		8.90
Labor cost		3.90
Overhead cost		5.40
Selling, general, and administrative costs		7.10
Planned fixed costs
Manufacturing overhead	$	131,000
Selling, general, and administrative		51,000

Assume that Thornton actually produced and sold 33,000 books. The actual sales price and costs incurred follow:

Actual price and variable costs
Sales price	$	35.60
Materials cost		9.10
Labor cost		3.80
Overhead cost		5.45
Selling, general, and administrative costs		6.90
Actual fixed costs
Manufacturing overhead	$	116,000
Selling, general, and administrative		57,000

Required

a. & b. Determine the flexible budget variances and also indicate the effect of each variance by selecting favorable (F) or unfavorable (U). (Select "None" if there is no effect (i.e., zero variance).)