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Under the "Service$-$Sales$-$Profitability Relationship" we studied an approach to classify customers and products on the basis of their impact on customer profitability. It was suggested that we present them in the form of a Customer$-$Product Contribution Matrix and that we provide superior service levels to the higher priority customer$-$product combinations and lower levels of service to the lowerpriority customer product combinations. This is a type of customer service

a$.$ standardization

b$.$ trade$-$off

c$.$ strategic alliance

d$.$ segmentation

e$.$ element