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$34.$ Nurses working in a hospital in Alberta were required to retire at the age of $65$ years. A grievance was initiated on the basis of age discrimination prohibited by a non$-$discrimination clause in the collective agreement. The arbitration board, however, has considered this prohibition against age discrimination, but decided because the provincial Individual's Right Protection Act defined age as between $45$ and $65$ years, and it could use the same definition of age. So$,$ this forced retirement was not an example of age discrimination. The decision was challenged before the court. Does the action of the nurses succeed?

a$.$ Yes, because it contravenes the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

b$.$ No$,$ because the Charter of Rights and Freedoms supersedes provincial Individual's Rights Protection Act.

c$.$ Yes, the collective agreement prevails over the charter.

d$.$ No$,$ because the provincial Individual's Rights Protection Act defined age as between $45$ to $65$ years.