TipTop Flight School offers flying lessons at a small municipal airport. The school's owner and manager has been attempting to evaluate performance and control costs using a variance report that compares the planning budget to actual results. A recent variance report appears below: TipTop Flight School Variance Report For the Month Ended July 31 Lessons Revenue Expenses: Instructor wages Fuel Aircraft depreciation Maintenance Administration Ground facility expenses Total expense Net operating income Actual Results 210 Planning Budget Variances 205 $ 52,230 $ 51,250 $ 980 F 14,530 14,350 180 U 6,720 6,560 160 U 3,655 3,075 580 U 3,415 3,235 180 U 1,910 1,960 50 F 3,435 3,545 110 F 33,665 32,725 940 U $ 18,565 $ 18,525 $ 40 F After several months of using these reports, the owner has become frustrated. For example, she is quite confident that instructor wages were very tightly controlled in July, but the report shows an unfavorable variance. The planning budget was developed using the following formulas, where q is the number of lessons sold: Cost Formulas Fuel Revenue Instructor wages Aircraft depreciation Maintenance $250q $709 $32q $15q $570 + $13q Ground facility expenses $1,550 + $2q Administration $3,340 + $1q