To obtain a patent, an applicant must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) that the invention, discovery, process, or design is novel, useful, and not obvious in light of current technology. In this problem, the PTO denied Gianelli's application for a patent for his \"Rowing Machine\"an exercise machine on which a user pulls on handles to perform a rowing motion against a selected resistance to strengthen the back muscles. The PTO considered the device obvious in light of a patented \"Chest Press Apparatus for Exercising Regions of the Upper Body\"a chest press exercise machine on which a user pushes on handles to overcome a selected resistance. But it can be easily argued that it is not obvious to modify a machine with handles designed to be pushed into one with handles designed to be pulled. In fact, anyone who has used exercise machines knows that a way to cause injury is to use a machine in a maimer not intended by the manufacturer