Tos = 288.15 K, Pos = 101325 Pa, Pos = 1.2256 kg/m, Hos = 1.783 x International Standard Atmosphere Sea-level 10-5 kg/ms Height of the tropopause h* = 11000 m Troposphere lapse rate = 0.0065 K/m In the troposphere In the stratosphere Constants Gas constant (air) Ratio of specific heats (air) Gravitational acceleration Useful equations P = Pos -()* == EXP{(h-h')} R = 287 J/kg K y = 1.40 g = 9.81 m/s = P = PRT Coefficient of viscosity Ideal gas equation Speed of sound a = YRT Lift curve slope * Elliptical distribution of lift Bernoulli principle da =2 L' (y) = L'(0)1-() P+pv = constant